Without any origin or end, Mahadeva (The Great God) Shiva is the supreme Creator of all. The three eyed Lord, Shiva is known by a thousand name and is worshiped in bodied, bodiless, Aum-kar and Linga forms. Mahadeva is full of mysteries. All the great saints, devotees, philosophers, teachers, preachers, yogis and even Gods failed to unveil all about him. In his popular aspect, Rudra is a member of triad, along with Brahma and Vishnu. This Triad form the top most group that controls all the aspects of the universe. But in truth, Shiva is the supreme creator of all – even the Triad. His personality is so versatile that at times the explanations seem to contradict it. On one had Shiva is considered as the destructor; on the other hand he is the supreme creator and is worshipped widely in Linga form, which symbolizes creativity. He is the root and the cause of the universe and yet in inactive. He is many a times depicted as of dark complexion and at other times is considered as white as camphor. Lord Rudra, whose anger instills fear in all beings, whose third eye opens only to destruction, who never fail to punish wrong doers be his own devotee like Kagbhusandi or even Brahma, a member of Triad; the same Ashutosh because of his benevolence and simplicity is known as Bholenath (The Simple God) and can be pleased by a little effort. Ironically, Mahamritynjay (Conqueror of Death) is considered often considered God of Destruction; which is only one of the aspect of his personality.
But even the contradictions provide an uniformity. Let us try to find out little of his personality on the basis of written works of great ancient sages and Gods.
Shiva is the Supreme Creator
Universe needed a force to run it and somebody to manage it. Shiva separated his Shakti (power) from himself and started the creation. Shiva and Shakti created Vishnu to manage the universe. Lord Vishnu created Brahma whom he entrusted with the job of Creation. Vishnu himself became preserver. Then Lord Shiva incarnated as Rudra to act as the Destructor. Thus the Triad was formed to handle Creation, Perseverance and Destruction which formed a cycle. Shiva decided the life of the entire universe including Triad. The Life span of universe is termed as "Kalp-Chakra" the largest measure of time known to world. (Of late science calculated the average life span of universe which is very close the Kalp-Chakra). At the end of a Kalpa, Shiva disposes the entire creation and starts the re-construction of it which invariably starts with the constitution of the Triad.
Shiva, the supreme creator is formless and is represented by Lingam (See Mystery of Shiva Lingam) and is pronounced by universal syllable Aum ॐ .
Ardha-nar-narishwar
When Brahma started creating the universe, he found his creations would die out someday and he would require creating again. He failed to think of a way so that the process of creation could go on itself. Then he turned to Lord Shiva for advice. He worshiped Shiva for long time. Pleased with his devotion; Shiva appeared before him. He took a special form – half of which was male and another half was female. He hinted Brahma to create a reproducing specimen. He also hinted on equality of male and females for the creation. This form of Shiva was popularly termed as Ardha-narishwar form.
Shakti is an inseparable part of Shiva. Shakti represents the feminine aspect of Shiva; in fact the creation. Shiva and Shakti complement each other. There is no existence of Shiva without Shakti or Shakti without Shiva. Shiva is inactive. Shakti is the dynamism of Shiva. Shiva merely plans; it is Shakti that executes. So what is the relation between Shiva and Shakti?
Shiva is the cause; Shakti is the action.
Shiva plans; Shakti executes.
Shakti is the conscious mind; Shiva is Subconscious mind.
Shakti is brain; Shiva is the heart.
Shiva is Brahma; Shakti is Sharaswati.
Shiva is Vishnu; Shakti is Laxmi.
Shiva is Mahadevaa; Shakti is Parvati.
Shiva is water in ocean; Shakti is the wave.
Let us elaborate our last point. Shiva-Shakti is like ocean. Shiva is the water and Shakti is the wave. What is wave? It is water in motion. It has not existence with water itself. And water without wave or motion is stale water. Similar is the relation of Shiva and Shakti. Let us pray to him and to her in this Ardha-narishwar Strottam.
Rudra the Destructor
Of all the aspects of Lord Shiva, one as destructor is perhaps most popular and confusing. To maintain the equilibrium, destruction is as important an aspect as creation and sustenance. Lord Shiva, incarnated as Rudra, to complement Brahma (The Creator) and Vishnu (The Protector), to assume the role of Destructor. But it is important to understand the true aspect of "Destruction" which is more versatile than what meets the eye and mind at first. Shiva is NOT the God of "Death". Yama is God of Death. There are two aspects of "Destructive" role of Shiva.
Rudra is a destroyer of negative forces such as fear, ignorance, anger, lust and violence. Destruction of negative forces implicitly means protection of positive forces. In this aspect Rudra supplements Vishnu. No wonder we turn to Rudra for Protection (Mahamritynjay) from death and its fear.
In the second aspect- Creation, Sustenance and Destruction form a cycle. A cycle has no start or end point. As such destruction can be considered as the pre-requisite and essence of creation. If you want to mould some structure from and iron bar, we need to first melt it. This necessary destroys the original shape of the iron bar, but we must appreciate that this destruction is a pre-requisite of creation. Thus Shiva as destructor complements Brahma in his creation.
Nataraj Shiva
The First form, Raudra Tandava, is well identified with his anger and destruction. Second is soft and soothing Anand Tandav. Mostly the word "Tandava" is associated with the first form. Shiva performing Raudra Tandva is known as Rudra, while Natraaj performs Anand Tandav.
Ancient preachers connect the creation, substances and destruction of the universe with Shiva’s Dance. The Universe comes to existence with Shiva’s Tandava and ends with it.
The famous Nataraj posture of Shiva carries a lot of meaning in itself. Nataraj Shiva is depicted with four hands with encircling fire, one leg resting on a dwarf and the other rose in the dancing posture.
The First right hand, raised up, holds the Dumru (Drums). The sound of the drum represents the sound of creation. Thus Drum signifies the creative aspect of Shiva.
The second right hand shows Abhaya (fear not in Sanskrit), bestowing protection from both evil and ignorance to those who follow the dharma.
The second left hand points towards the raised left foot which signifies Upliftment and Salvation.
The dwarf on which Nataraj dances is a demon that symbolises ignorance. The Nataraj crushing the dwarf signifies that, Shiva has defeated the ignorance.
The surrounding flames represent the manifest Universe.
The snake swirling around His waist is kundalini, man’s inherent power.
The entire form distinctly takes the Shape of ॐ (AUM).Thus Aum signifies Shiva – his creative and destructive aspects.
Within Lord Siva’s dancing manifestation is represented not only all of time and space, but also the primal creative force that is beyond the circle of illusion that mortals live within, all movement and vibration of the universe, and the stillness beyond all existence.
The famous Nataraj posture of Shiva is installed in the Chidambaram temple. Let us pray to Nataraj in this prayer (Nataraj Stuti)
Yogeshwar Mahadeva
Our body which is the store house of ultimate energy can be best utilized by a systematic study and practice of this science which originates right in Shiva.
Shiva, in his expressed form, appears as a Yogi. He sits in the Yoga mudra, concentrating and generating the energy which runs this whole world. Shiva is the store house of that endless energy that runs this world.
Kaal Bhairav/Maha Kaal
The practitioner and gurus of tantras worship Shiva as Kaal Bharav or Maha Kaal. These Aghoris often practice in cemeteries, strangled lands, forests and other such places which seem to install fear in ordinary peoples. This form of Shiva is often feared.
Pashupatinath
Lord Shiva is the cause of the Universe. He is the Deity of all leaving beings. Apart from Humans and Gods, even demons and animals pray to him. He is the God of beasts (Pashu) and as such is Pashupati nath. Ruins of pre-historic civilization contains various statues and other sign depicting Pashupati form of Lord Shiva.
Digambar Shiva
Digamabar literally means one who wears sky as dress. In absence of any other dress, it also is interpreted (or misinterpreted) as naked. The Digambar word actually implies the omnipresent aspect of Shiva. Shiva himself contains the whole Universe. The endless sky is his dress. Shiva is also known as Vyomkesh (One to whom sky is hair). Again this reflects the omnipresent aspect and the vastness of Shiva.
Shiva is the Lord of all, but is simple. He is easily pleased by simple and sincere gestures. He doesn’t require his disciples to follow strict and orthodox rituals or a fixed style of worship. Anyone following any path of worship can reach Mahadevaa.
He accepts every offering from a sincere devotee. He uses tiger skin for dress, snakes in place of jewelry, ash for decoration. This is what identifies him. The Great God sites on Mount Kailash and always remains concentrated in his yoga. He is God of simple needs and is said Digambar (or naked), as he is original and pure and without any decorations.
The Shiva Mahimna Stottram one of the most popular prayers and is considered as one of the best prayers in praise of Lord Shiva. Consisting of 43 verses, the prayers praises the devine aspect of Shiva and his supremacy and simplicity. The prayer was drafted in a special circumstance and aimed at obtaining pardon from the lord.
Here’s the story and the prayer …
Once upon a time there was a king Chitraratha. He was a great Shiva devotee and had constructed a nice garden . The garden was full of beautiful flowers. Chitraratha offered these flowers to shiva everyday.
And then one day …
Pushpdanta, a gandharva (celestial dancer from Lord Indra’s court) happen to come across this beautiful garden. Facinated by the beauty he took away the flower. Next day Chitrarath was left with nothing to offer to Shiva.
But then it was just the beginning of the mystery and miseries…
Unable to control his temptation, Pushpadanta went on highjacking the garden’s wealth everyday. King tried his best to catch the thief but to no avail. Pushpadanta had divine powers common to celestial beings. He remained invisible and un-detected.
And then…
Desperate king took the desperate measure. He spread the Shiva Nirmaalya in his garden. Nirmaalya consists of flowers and bilva leaves which has been used in shiva’s worship and his higly sacred.
Finally mystery unfolds …
Pushpadanta not aware of kings plan walked over the sacred flowers and at once lost his divine capabilities.
Its time for repentance …
A shiva devotee himself, he realized is mistake and started to praise his patron to obtain his mercy.
Let its recitation be beneficial to you as well!
महिम्नः पारं ते परमविदुषो यद्यसदृशीस्तुतिर्ब्रह्मादीनामपि तदवसन्नास्त्वयि गिरः .अथाऽवाच्यः सर्वः स्वमतिपरिणामावधि गृणन्ममाप्येष स्तोत्रे हर निरपवादः परिकरः .. १..
O Shiva, O Hara!!! You are the vanquisher of all miseries. I will pray with the faith that even If the prayer offered by me is not worthy of you it will come as no surprise because even Brahama, other Gods and the greatest learned beings can’t describe your complete glory with is without any beginning or end. In other words any body can offer you a prayer limited by his own capability. With this faith I begin my prayer…
अतीतः पंथानं तव च महिमा वाङ्मनसयोःअतद्व्यावृत्त्या यं चकितमभिधत्ते श्रुतिरपि .स कस्य स्तोतव्यः कतिविधगुणः कस्य विषयःपदे त्वर्वाचीने पतति न मनः कस्य न वचः .. २..
O Shiva, your glory can’t be described either by speech or mind. Even vedas are equally surprised and confused when it comes express your greatness by only saying Neti, Neti (Not this and not this). Who can then praise such a greatness as yours? I praise to thee knowing its difficult to sing for you who is with and without form.
मधुस्फीता वाचः परमममृतं निर्मितवतःतव ब्रह्मन् किं वागपि सुरगुरोर्विस्मयपदम् .मम त्वेतां वाणीं गुणकथनपुण्येन भवतःपुनामीत्यर्थेऽस्मिन् पुरमथन बुद्धिर्व्यवसिता .. ३..
O (Creator of speech and vedas), even the expression of Brihashpati (the sprirtual guide to Gods) can’t glorify you enough, so where do I stand? (Eventhough my effort to glorify you is inisginficant) O destroyer of Tripurasur, I am certain that my effort will render my own speech purified and broaden my intellect. Thus I offer my prayer…
तवैश्वर्यं यत्तज्जगदुदयरक्षाप्रलयकृत्त्रयीवस्तु व्यस्तं तिस्रुषु गुणभिन्नासु तनुषु .अभव्यानामस्मिन् वरद रमणीयामरमणींविहन्तुं व्याक्रोशीं विदधत इहैके जडधियः .. ४..
O Shiva, you create, maintain and dissolve the whole universe. The Three vedas praises you; yours power is distributed in three qualities (satva, raja, tamas) and in the three devine powers (Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh). Despite of such an uncomparable greateness, some fools still take the satisfaction is de-glorifying thee with slander and abusive words. This is unfair…
किमीहः किंकायः स खलु किमुपायस्त्रिभुवनंकिमाधारो धाता सृजति किमुपादान इति च .अतर्क्यैश्वर्ये त्वय्यनवसर दुःस्थो हतधियःकुतर्कोऽयं कांश्चित् मुखरयति मोहाय जगतः .. ५..
O Shiva, those who are ever confused with their psudo-intellect put forward these question – What is the gesture of him who created the universe and what is his body (they doubt your existence?) and what are his resource to support (They doubt your power by comparing with their own). These question tend to mislead people. Little did they know that you are incomprehensible by such an analogy. Even vedas clarify that you can not be understood by arguments and counter arguments.
अजन्मानो लोकाः किमवयववन्तोऽपि जगतांअधिष्ठातारं किं भवविधिरनादृत्य भवति .अनीशो वा कुर्याद् भुवनजनने कः परिकरोयतो मन्दास्त्वां प्रत्यमरवर संशेरत इमे .. ६..
O almighty!!! There are seven seven worlds in this universe (bhooloka, bhuvarloka, svargaloka, maharloka, Janaloka, Tapaloka and satyaloka). How come these seven worlds came to existance without their creator (You). If not by you then I wonder how the critics will explain the resources that created them. Thus the critics are totally baseless.
त्रयी साङ्ख्यं योगः पशुपतिमतं वैष्णवमितिप्रभिन्ने प्रस्थाने परमिदमदः पथ्यमिति च .रुचीनां वैचित्र्यादृजुकुटिल नानापथजुषांनृणामेको गम्यस्त्वमसि पयसामर्णव इव .. ७..
There are different practices to know the divine truth as per three veda and different people as perr their preference choose whatever they think best. But as all rivers leads to the sea, no matter what path different people they adopt to reach the divine truth the end up reaching you, O Shiva.
महोक्षः खट्वाङ्गं परशुरजिनं भस्म फणिनःकपालं चेतीयत्तव वरद तन्त्रोपकरणम् .सुरास्तां तामृद्धिं दधति तु भवद्भूप्रणिहितांन हि स्वात्मारामं विषयमृगतृष्णा भ्रमयति .. ८..
O Shiva!!! You grant prosperity and richness to all Gods (and beings) by the mere movement of you eye brows and yet your own possession consists of merely the bull, animals skins, ashes, the skull and snake necklace and the trishula. For those who wonder why you don’t enjoy the same prosperity that originates from you, its simple – you have no desire for those worldly objects. You remain a yogi stationed within your own soul.
ध्रुवं कश्चित् सर्वं सकलमपरस्त्वध्रुवमिदंपरो ध्रौव्याऽध्रौव्ये जगति गदति व्यस्तविषये .समस्तेऽप्येतस्मिन् पुरमथन तैर्विस्मित इवस्तुवन् जिह्रेमि त्वां न खलु ननु धृष्टा मुखरता .. ९..
O destroyer of Tripur demon, different schools of thoughts have contradictory views regarding this universe – Some consider it eterna (nitya) others consider it temporary (a-nitya) and yet another school of thought consider it a combination of the two. These contradictory view regarding the same truth is making me perplexed and with ever increasing faith I am praying to thee.
तवैश्वर्यं यत्नाद् यदुपरि विरिञ्चिर्हरिरधःपरिच्छेतुं यातावनिलमनलस्कन्धवपुषः .ततो भक्तिश्रद्धा-भरगुरु-गृणद्भ्यां गिरिश यत्स्वयं तस्थे ताभ्यां तव किमनुवृत्तिर्न फलति .. १०..
Once in an attempt to discover your true self Brahma travelled on his swan upward and vishnu took the form of a boar and moved downward. But all the attempts went in vein. But they go to know your true self only when the prayed with true faith. Can anybody with true faith in you ever fail?
अयत्नादासाद्य त्रिभुवनमवैरव्यतिकरंदशास्यो यद्बाहूनभृत-रणकण्डू-परवशान् .शिरःपद्मश्रेणी-रचितचरणाम्भोरुह-बलेःस्थिरायास्त्वद्भक्तेस्त्रिपुरहर विस्फूर्जितमिदम् .. ११..
O Shiva, the destroyer of Tripur demon. It was the fruit of your devotion that the ten headed Ravana managed to conquer the three world(making the world without enemy left to be concurred). His mighty arms always ready to fight was due to his devotion with which he offered is own head ten times at your feet.
अमुष्य त्वत्सेवा-समधिगतसारं भुजवनंबलात् कैलासेऽपि त्वदधिवसतौ विक्रमयतः .अलभ्यापातालेऽप्यलसचलितांगुष्ठशिरसिप्रतिष्ठा त्वय्यासीद् ध्रुवमुपचितो मुह्यति खलः .. १२..
O Shiva, once the same ravaana in arrogance employed his power and attempted to lift mount kailash, you abode, you just moved a toe of your feet and then ravana failed to find peace even in the nether-world. Indeed, power blinds the wicked. Finally Ravan restored his faith in you to sooth himself.
यदृद्धिं सुत्राम्णो वरद परमोच्चैरपि सतींअधश्चक्रे बाणः परिजनविधेयत्रिभुवनः .न तच्चित्रं तस्मिन् वरिवसितरि त्वच्चरणयोःन कस्याप्युन्नत्यै भवति शिरसस्त्वय्यवनतिः .. १३..
O Lord of all. It was your boon that made baanasur, the demon the concurer of all the trhee worlds and made him a greater achiever than even Indra. There is no limit what one can achieve through your devotion.
अकाण्ड-ब्रह्माण्ड-क्षयचकित-देवासुरकृपाविधेयस्याऽऽसीद् यस्त्रिनयन विषं संहृतवतः .स कल्माषः कण्ठे तव न कुरुते न श्रियमहोविकारोऽपि श्लाघ्यो भुवन-भय-भङ्ग-व्यसनिनः .. १४..
When the ocean whas being churned by the Gods and demons for necter (amRit), various precious objects came forth (which were shared by Gods and demons). And then came the deadly poison kaalkuta. It stunned everyone and the prospect of untimely destruction of the entire world seemed inevitable. O ever compassionate Lord, it was you who consumed the entire poison and relieved the world of panic and pain. The poison remained frozen in your throat eversince. It is strange, O Nilkantha, that this blue strain on you neck (supposed to be a deformity) actually adds richness to your personality. (Great deeds always beautifies).
असिद्धार्था नैव क्वचिदपि सदेवासुरनरेनिवर्तन्ते नित्यं जगति जयिनो यस्य विशिखाः .स पश्यन्नीश त्वामितरसुरसाधारणमभूत्स्मरः स्मर्तव्यात्मा न हि वशिषु पथ्यः परिभवः .. १५..
The cupids lord kaamdeva never failed with any of his victims – be it mortal humans, demons or even Gods. The same kaamdev mistook you like others and shot his flower arrows at you. He immediately turned into ashes. Insulting the supreme (you) does no good to any one.
मही पादाघाताद् व्रजति सहसा संशयपदंपदं विष्णोर्भ्राम्यद् भुज-परिघ-रुग्ण-ग्रह-गणम् .मुहुर्द्यौर्दौस्थ्यं यात्यनिभृत-जटा-ताडित-तटाजगद्रक्षायै त्वं नटसि ननु वामैव विभुता .. १६..
When you dance (anand tandava) for protecting the universe, it (at times) produces strange and opposite effect. The earth trembles under your feet, the planets shaken out of fear when your arms brushes against them. Even Lords vishnu’s domain trembles and the heaven feels miserable when its struck by the matted locks of your hairs.
वियद्व्यापी तारा-गण-गुणित-फेनोद्गम-रुचिःप्रवाहो वारां यः पृषतलघुदृष्टः शिरसि ते .जगद्द्वीपाकारं जलधिवलयं तेन कृतमितिअनेनैवोन्नेयं धृतमहिम दिव्यं तव वपुः .. १७..
the divine river flows extensively throught the skya nd its charm in enchanced by the illumination of the charm by the group of stars. It creates many island and waves on the earth. And yet the same turbulent river ganga, appears mkerly a droplet of water on your head. This itself speaks a volume about the divine nature yours.
रथः क्षोणी यन्ता शतधृतिरगेन्द्रो धनुरथोरथाङ्गे चन्द्रार्कौ रथ-चरण-पाणिः शर इति .दिधक्षोस्ते कोऽयं त्रिपुरतृणमाडम्बर विधिःविधेयैः क्रीडन्त्यो न खलु परतन्त्राः प्रभुधियः .. १८..
O Shiva, to destroy the tripur demon, you had earth as the chariot, brahma as the charioteer, the himalaya as the bow, the sun and the moon as the wheel and vishnu as the arrow. I wonder what was the need of all these elaborate drama when destroying the entire universe is a mere triffle for your personality? Your greatness doesn’t depend on anything or anybody.
हरिस्ते साहस्रं कमल बलिमाधाय पदयोःयदेकोने तस्मिन् निजमुदहरन्नेत्रकमलम् .गतो भक्त्युद्रेकः परिणतिमसौ चक्रवपुषःत्रयाणां रक्षायै त्रिपुरहर जागर्ति जगताम् .. १९..
Once Lord Vishnu started to worship you with a thousand Lotus. When he found one was missing, out of his devotion to you he offered one of his eyes in place of lotus. This supreme devotion was transformed into sudarshan chakra in his hand which he uses for protecting the universe.
क्रतौ सुप्ते जाग्रत् त्वमसि फलयोगे क्रतुमतांक्व कर्म प्रध्वस्तं फलति पुरुषाराधनमृते .अतस्त्वां सम्प्रेक्ष्य क्रतुषु फलदान-प्रतिभुवंश्रुतौ श्रद्धां बध्वा दृढपरिकरः कर्मसु जनः .. २०..
O Shiva, you have established the connection between action and fruit. You ensured that ones good action will grand him good result. Thus keeping faith in your established design people follow veda and engange themselves in good acts.
क्रियादक्षो दक्षः क्रतुपतिरधीशस्तनुभृतांऋषीणामार्त्विज्यं शरणद सदस्याः सुर-गणाः .क्रतुभ्रंशस्त्वत्तः क्रतुफल-विधान-व्यसनिनःध्रुवं कर्तुं श्रद्धा विधुरमभिचाराय हि मखाः .. २१..
O Mahadev, even though you exert reward for all sacrifieces, those done without true faith (and intension) in you are sure to become counter-productive. What could be a better example that the yagna performed by king daksha. Yagna was performed by brahma himself and all great saints were a part of it and yet without true faith in you it resulted in the destruction of daksha himself. You never accept unjust acts even wrapped in disguise as glorified.
प्रजानाथं नाथ प्रसभमभिकं स्वां दुहितरंगतं रोहिद् भूतां रिरमयिषुमृष्यस्य वपुषा .धनुष्पाणेर्यातं दिवमपि सपत्राकृतममुंत्रसन्तं तेऽद्यापि त्यजति न मृगव्याधरभसः .. २२..
O God of all, once brahma became infatuated with his own daughter. When she fled taking the form of a deer, even brahma followed him as a form of deer. Seeing the immorality you took the form of a hunter and ran after him. Terrified Brahma fled into sky and even today stands frightened by you. You never tolerate immoral acts.
स्वलावण्याशंसा धृतधनुषमह्नाय तृणवत्पुरः प्लुष्टं दृष्ट्वा पुरमथन पुष्पायुधमपि .यदि स्त्रैणं देवी यमनिरत-देहार्ध-घटनात्अवैति त्वामद्धा बत वरद मुग्धा युवतयः .. २३..
O Lord, you took godess parvati as your consort. This led to the illusion as to how come you are a yogi. But when kamdev tried to influence you with his bows and arrow you destroyed him in a moment.
श्मशानेष्वाक्रीडा स्मरहर पिशाचाः सहचराःचिता-भस्मालेपः स्रगपि नृकरोटी-परिकरः .अमङ्गल्यं शीलं तव भवतु नामैवमखिलंतथापि स्मर्तॄणां वरद परमं मङ्गलमसि .. २४..
O Destroyer of kamdeva!!! You play in the burning ghats. You stay with ghosts, your body is smeared with ashes of the dead bodies, your garland is human skull. Every aspect of your personality appears inauspicious. Yet it is the same personality which grants boon to everybody. Your personality is adorable to your devotees.
मनः प्रत्यक् चित्ते सविधमविधायात्त-मरुतःप्रहृष्यद्रोमाणः प्रमद-सलिलोत्सङ्गति-दृशः .यदालोक्याह्लादं ह्रद इव निमज्यामृतमयेदधत्यन्तस्तत्त्वं किमपि यमिनस्तत् किल भवान् .. २५..
O Yogeshwar, People practices various acts of yoga – regulating their breath, control and still their mind and look inward and enjoy the bliss of Yoga. The pleasure and satisfaction they achieve with yoga is in fact you yourself!
त्वमर्कस्त्वं सोमस्त्वमसि पवनस्त्वं हुतवहःत्वमापस्त्वं व्योम त्वमु धरणिरात्मा त्वमिति च .परिच्छिन्नामेवं त्वयि परिणता बिभ्रति गिरंन विद्मस्तत्तत्त्वं वयमिह तु यत् त्वं न भवसि .. २६..
O Shiva, you are the sun, the moon, the earth, the air the fire, the water and the sky. You are the soul. You are the omnipresent. I am yet to come across something which is not you.
त्रयीं तिस्रो वृत्तीस्त्रिभुवनमथो त्रीनपि सुरान्अकाराद्यैर्वर्णैस्त्रिभिरभिदधत् तीर्णविकृति .तुरीयं ते धाम ध्वनिभिरवरुन्धानमणुभिःसमस्त-व्यस्तं त्वां शरणद गृणात्योमिति पदम् .. २७..
O God of all, the word ॐ (aum) consists of three letters अ (a), ऊ (U), म (M) which refers to three vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama); the three states awakened (Jagrat), dream (swapna), and sushhupti (sub conscious); the three worlds, the three times (past, present and future) and the three Gods (brahma, vishnu and mahesh). We pray to the almighty with the word ॐ.
भवः शर्वो रुद्रः पशुपतिरथोग्रः सहमहान्तथा भीमेशानाविति यदभिधानाष्टकमिदम् .अमुष्मिन् प्रत्येकं प्रविचरति देव श्रुतिरपिप्रियायास्मैधाम्ने प्रणिहित-नमस्योऽस्मि भवते .. २८..
O Shiva, the Veda and the Gods worship you by these eight names – bhava, sharva, rudra, pashupati, ugra, mahadeva, bhima and ishaana. Let me also pray to you with these names.
नमो नेदिष्ठाय प्रियदव दविष्ठाय च नमःनमः क्षोदिष्ठाय स्मरहर महिष्ठाय च नमः .नमो वर्षिष्ठाय त्रिनयन यविष्ठाय च नमःनमः सर्वस्मै ते तदिदमतिसर्वाय च नमः .. २९..
O Trilochan (The three eyed one)!!! Salutation to you who is the nearest and the farthers, biggest and the smallest, oldest and the youngest. Salutation to thee who is everything and beyond everything
बहुल-रजसे विश्वोत्पत्तौ भवाय नमो नमःप्रबल-तमसे तत् संहारे हराय नमो नमः .जन-सुखकृते सत्त्वोद्रिक्तौ मृडाय नमो नमःप्रमहसि पदे निस्त्रैगुण्ये शिवाय नमो नमः .. ३०..
O Shiva, I bow to thee in the name of Bhava in which you create the world by taking raja as dominant quality; I bow to thee in the name of hara as the destroyer by taking tamas quality and I bow to thee in the name of Mrida as the protecter of the world by taking sata quality. You are the brahma, vishnu and mahes. And salutation to thee in the name of Shiva as beyond the qualities mentioned above as the supreme being.
कृश-परिणति-चेतः क्लेशवश्यं क्व चेदंक्व च तव गुण-सीमोल्लङ्घिनी शश्वदृद्धिः .इति चकितममन्दीकृत्य मां भक्तिराधाद्वरद चरणयोस्ते वाक्य-पुष्पोपहारम् .. ३१..
O Shiva, How can I with my limited capability praise you with who is of ever increasing and limitless qualities. However my devotion set aside this difference and I can present my offering at your lotus feet.
असित-गिरि-समं स्यात् कज्जलं सिन्धु-पात्रेसुर-तरुवर-शाखा लेखनी पत्रमुर्वी .लिखति यदि गृहीत्वा शारदा सर्वकालंतदपि तव गुणानामीश पारं न याति .. ३२..
Even if one were to use the great blue mountain as the ink, the ocean as the inkpot and the heavenly tree as the pen and paper and the godess saraswati (the godess of knowledge) herself takes down on the endless task to write your glory, she will not be able to cover every aspect of yourself, no matter how long she writes.
असुर-सुर-मुनीन्द्रैरर्चितस्येन्दु-मौलेः
ग्रथित-गुणमहिम्नो निर्गुणस्येश्वरस्य .
सकल-गण-वरिष्ठः पुष्पदन्ताभिधानः
रुचिरमलघुवृत्तैः स्तोत्रमेतच्चकार .. ३३..
I Pushpdanta, the gandarva have composed this prayer for him who is worshipped by all, and wears moon on the head, who is beyond all attributes and is embodied form of all the good qualities.
अहरहरनवद्यं धूर्जटेः स्तोत्रमेतत्पठति परमभक्त्या शुद्ध-चित्तः पुमान् यः .स भवति शिवलोके रुद्रतुल्यस्तथाऽत्रप्रचुरतर-धनायुः पुत्रवान् कीर्तिमांश्च .. ३४..
He who reads this hymn of Shiva daily with pure mind and dedication ultimately reaches the Shiva’s domain and becomes equal to him in this world and attains all propriety in this world and claims all the respect.
महेशान्नापरो देवो महिम्नो नापरा स्तुतिः .अघोरान्नापरो मन्त्रो नास्ति तत्त्वं गुरोः परम् .. ३५..
There is no God higher than Mahesha, no hymn better than this one, no mantra greater than ॐ and no truth beyond one’s teacher/spiritual guide.
दीक्षा दानं तपस्तीर्थं ज्ञानं यागादिकाः क्रियाः .
महिम्नस्तव पाठस्य कलां नार्हन्ति षोडशीम् .. ३६..
The charity, the sacrifices, the religious acts, yagna, pilgrimage and spirtitual knowledge are not capable of yielding even the one sixteenth of the return that will result from the reading of this hymn.
कुसुमदशन-नामा सर्व-गन्धर्व-राजःशशिधरवर-मौलेर्देवदेवस्य दासः .स खलु निज-महिम्नो भ्रष्ट एवास्य रोषात्स्तवनमिदमकार्षीद् दिव्य-दिव्यं महिम्नः .. ३७..
Kusumdanta was the king of all Gandarvas and he was a devotee of Lord Shiva the wearer of baby moon. He fell from his glorious position due to misconduct (stealing flowers from the garden). It was then that I (Gandarva) composed this divine hymn that restored him (me in third person) back to the dignity.
सुरगुरुमभिपूज्य स्वर्ग-मोक्षैक-हेतुंपठति यदि मनुष्यः प्राञ्जलिर्नान्य-चेताः .व्रजति शिव-समीपं किन्नरैः स्तूयमानःस्तवनमिदममोघं पुष्पदन्तप्रणीतम् .. ३८..
He who worships Shiva with this hymn takes form like shiva and revered by all – saints, humans and gandharvas.
आसमाप्तमिदं स्तोत्रं पुण्यं गन्धर्व-भाषितम् .अनौपम्यं मनोहारि सर्वमीश्वरवर्णनम् .. ३९..
Pushpadanta created this hymn is pure and faultless and ensure great virtues to those who recite the glory of Shiva through this hymn
इत्येषा वाङ्मयी पूजा श्रीमच्छङ्कर-पादयोः .अर्पिता तेन देवेशः प्रीयतां मे सदाशिवः .. ४०..
This worship using words is dedicated to the feet of Shankara. May the ever auspicious lord of all Gods be pleased with us.
तव तत्त्वं न जानामि कीदृशोऽसि महेश्वर .
यादृशोऽसि महादेव तादृशाय नमो नमः .. ४१..
O Shiva, I don’t the true nature you who you are. Salutation to that true nature of yours, which I may not be able to realise.
एककालं द्विकालं वा त्रिकालं यः पठेन्नरः .सर्वपाप-विनिर्मुक्तः शिव लोके महीयते .. ४२..
He who reads this hymn once, twice or thrice (in a day) gets freed from all his past sins and attains the domain of Shiva.
श्री पुष्पदन्त-मुख-पङ्कज-निर्गतेनस्तोत्रेण किल्बिष-हरेण हर-प्रियेण .कण्ठस्थितेन पठितेन समाहितेनसुप्रीणितो भवति भूतपतिर्महेशः .. ४३..
This hymn is dear to Shiva and is composed by pushpdanta. Those who recite this hymn will certainly please Shiva and destroy his accumulated sins.
.. इति श्री पुष्पदन्त विरचितं शिवमहिम्नः
स्तोत्रं समाप्तम् ..
Thus ends the `shivamahimna hymn’ composed by Pushhpadanta.
The story of Shiva consuming the deadly poison to save the Universe and establishing the new doctrine –
He who has a power; has a responsibility
Brahma created the Universe, the mother earth and lives, Gods (The Good power) and Demons (The Evil powers) and their most beautiful creation of all – humans. The humans often offered prayers and yagnas to God, which were known to boost their powers. Demons with the aim of conquering the universe and control earth (where human lived) and Swarg lok (heaven the abode of Gods) often attacked and tortured humans (who were their natural victim as humans supported God). To save themselves, humans would inevitably turn to Gods and this would give rise to Deva-sur Sangram (Battle between Gods and Demons).
More often than not Demons would emerge victorious over the God. The secret lies in the hand of the Demon Guru (Teacher and adviser) Sukracharya (A great devotee to Lord Shiva) who got a power from Shiva called Mrita-Sanjivini (That can bring a dead back to life). This ensured that no demon would ever be killed. In absence of such a power God always had a loosing hand. The solution?
Were the miseries insufficient for Gods to incur another curse? It so happened that once the king of Gods, Indra was traveling on his elephant when he met saint Durvasa. Durvasa offered him a flower garland which Indra in light vein placed on his elephants head and the animal threw it on the ground. Durvasa, who was well known for his short tempers, took the incident as an insult and the arrogance of Gods. He cursed Gods “Let all richness and power of yours be gone”. The Godess of prosperity Laxmi at once vanished in the depth of ocean. What could be a better opportunity for demons? They forced the Gods out of the heaven.
Gods, cursed, defeated and demoralised, turned to their deity – Lord Vishnu, The Protector. Vishnu suggested a solution – Sagar Manthan (Churning the ocean to get precious elements out) to get the most precious of all resource – Amrit or nectar (A Drink to make one immortal.) But the task was too difficult to be accomplished by Gods alone, in other words without the joint effort of the natural rivals Gods and Demons.
Demons were invited for joint venture and to share whatever comes out of the great ocean. Sukracharya was first reluctant as they never needed Amrit. But when pointed out that the demons power would collapse once Sukracharya dies since he is the only person who could bring others to lives but not himself. The Sagar Manthan was agreed upon.
It was decided that the mountain called Mandrachal would be used as pivot and the great snakeVasuki (the garland or Lord Shiva) as the rope to turn the pivot. The Gods and Demons would pull the snake from either side to stir the ocean. But the Big question… who will face the snake and the deadly venoms? Narad, played the trick and flattered the demons to accept the head portion.
The efforts started, and Sagar yielded many valuable elements, jewels, treasures etc. which were divided among Gods and Demons. Then came Godess Laxmi from the ocean whom Lord Vishnu took as his wife. At the end came the much desired Amrit (nectar), which Lord Vishnu by his trick ensured only for Gods. But churning of ocean is not the story of obtaining the nectar. So let us go back to the real story. Before Amrit, came the deadly poison.
The poison was so deadly it became a danger to the extend of finishing the entire creation. It was named kaalkut – the manifestation of death. It was growing uncontrollable and causing unrest to the entire universe. Whom then, God and demons turn to?
Who had the ability to control this weapon of devastation? Who except Maha-mrityunjay (Lord Shiva) himself? All turned to Bhole-nath (Shiva). Shiva took the universe under his guardianship and swallowed the entire poison. The poison of course couldn’t bring any harm to Mahadev Shiva, but so deadly was the poison that it got accumulated in his throat and turned it blue… and Ashutosh Shiva got a new name Nilkanth (God with blue throat)
The episode of churning of ocean is not really about getting the nectar (amrit) but it the story about Shiva’s consuming the poison. It is the story of establishing a tradition:
he who has the power has got a responsibility.
When others were fighting over getting Amrit, Lord Shiva swallowed the poison. Nilkanthaaspect of Shiva continues to inspire Indian culture from ancient times where people have put themselves in trouble to save and support those in need. In many a cases the reason was capability and not a matter of duty.
From the time immemorial, innumerable astakas (prayer with eight stanza) have been written praising the glory of Shiva, the ultimate creator and sustainers and recycler of the universe. These astakas have been popularly known as Lingastak, Rudrastak, Bilvastak and Shivastaka. There are many which are named as Shivastaka. The one presented here is written by Adi guru Shankaracharya himself and praises the parambrahma Shiva.
नागेन्द्रहारकृतकुण्डलभूषणाय , ब्रह्मेन्द्रविष्णुवरदाय नम: शिवाय ॥ 1 ॥
Salutation to thee, O Shiva, who is the prime cause of all causes, whose eyes shines bright like fire and whose blessing is sough even by Brahma, Vishnu and Indra.
कैलासमन्दरमहेन्द्रनिकेतनाय , लोकत्रयार्तिहरणाय नम: शिवाय ॥ 2 ॥
I Pray to thee, O Shiva, who wears the moon and snakes for decoration, who is adored (kissed on his eyes) by Parvati (daughter of Himalaya), who resides on Mount Kailash and Mahendra, and who relieves the universe of its pains and suffering.
भस्मानुषक्तविकचोत्पलमल्लिकाय , नीलाब्जकण्ठसदृशाय नम: शिवाय ॥ 3 ॥
Hail to thee, O Shiva, whose gemmed earrings throws bright light, who wears sandal paste and ashes and with lotus and juhi and whose throat resembles blue coloured lotus.
व्याघ्राजिनाम्बरधराय मनोहराय , त्रिलोकनाथनमिताय नम: शिवाय ॥ 4 ॥
Salutation to thee, O Shiva, whose matted hair and sharp feature gives him a terrible look and at the same time, sitting on a dear skins looks extremely pleasing and who is saluted by the heads of all the universe.
ब्रह्मोर्जितोर्ध्वगक्रोटिनिकृंतनाय , योगाय योगनमिताय नम: शिवाय ॥ 5 ॥
O Shiva, you dissolved the offerings of King Daksha, you killed the dreaded demon Tripura in no time and it was you who cut off the fifth head of Brahma when latter grew arrogant. I bow to thee.
सिद्धोरगग्रहगणेन्द्रनिषेविताय , शार्दूलचर्मवसनाय नम: शिवाय ॥ 6 ॥
O Shiva, you alone are capable of changing the time and events of the universe, you are adored by saints and demons alike and you are served by all beings, celestial bodies and Gods like Indra. O wearer of Tiger’s Skin, I pray to thee.
गौरीकटाक्षनयनार्धनिरीक्षणाय , गोक्षीरधारधवलाय नम: शिवाय ॥ 7 ॥
Bow to thee, O Shiva, who is decorated with ashes, who is devoted to his devotees who meditate in peaceful and calm forest, who is looked upon by goddess Parvati (from the corner of her eyes) and who is white as milk.
ऋक्सामवेदमुनिभि: स्तुतिसंयुताय , गोपाय गोपनमिताय नम: शिवाय ॥ 8 ॥
Hail to thee, O Shiva, who is served by the Sun, the Moon, the water and the air (who control all these elements), who resides in the essence of sacrifices and yagna, who is glorified by the Veda and other sacred books and by saints and wise and who is escorted by Nandi.
नागेंद्रहाराय त्रिलोचनाय भस्मांग रागाय महेश्वराय|
नित्याय शुद्धाय दिगंबराय तस्मे "न" काराय नमः शिवायः॥
Salutation to thee, O Maheshwara, who wears the king of snakes as garland, who is three eyed and ashes-clad, eternal and pure, who wears sky for cloths and who is embodied as the first letter Na.
मंदाकिनी सलिल चंदन चर्चिताय नंदीश्वर प्रमथनाथ महेश्वराय|
मंदारपुष्प बहुपुष्प सुपूजिताय तस्मे "म" काराय नमः शिवायः॥
I Bow to thee, O Shiva! You are known by the letter Ma and adorned by innumerable devine flower from mount Mandar. Your body is anointed with the holy water of celestial Ganga and sandals and you are sovereign king of pramath ganas (your devotees).
शिवाय गौरी वदनाब्जवृंद सूर्याय दक्षाध्वरनाशकाय|
श्री नीलकंठाय वृषभद्धजाय तस्मै "शि" काराय नमः शिवायः॥
O (Blue throat Lord) Nilkantha your flag bears the emblem of dharma or virtue (वृष or bull is the symbol of virtue) and you are resplendent sun of gauri’s (Godess Parvati) lotus face. O Shiva! the destroyer of Daksha’s yagna, you are known by the letter Shi. I Pray to thee.
वषिष्ठ कुभोदव गौतमाय मुनींद्र देवार्चित शेखराय|
चंद्रार्क वैश्वानर लोचनाय तस्मै "व" काराय नमः शिवायः॥
O God of Gods! you are known by the letter va and you are worshiped by Gods and the sages like Vashishtha, Agastya and Gautam. The Sun, the moon and the fire are like your three eyes. I Bow to thee, O Shiva!
यज्ञस्वरूपाय जटाधराय पिनाकस्ताय सनातनाय|
दिव्याय देवाय दिगंबराय तस्मै "य" काराय नमः शिवायः॥
O Shiva you are the Yagna. O divine, eternal being with matted hairs and the bearer of mighty bow called Pinka, and wear sky as your cloths, I Pray to thee.
पंचाक्षरमिदं पुण्यं यः पठेत शिव सन्निधौ|
शिवलोकं वाप्नोति शिवेन सह मोदते॥
Whoever recites this prayer composed of the five holy letters before Lord Shiva, attains the supreme abode of his and enjoys his eternal bliss.
ॐ नमः शिवाय
Aum Namah Shivai (ॐ नमः शिवाय) is the foremost mantra for lord Shiva and is chanted by millions of devotees every day. In the simplest meaning Aum namah shivai simply means
I bow to Shiva or
Salutation to Shiva
But then, the mantras significance goes far beyond its literal meaning. The subtle meaning, the resonance of its sound makes this mantra a maha mantra.
Significance of Mantra
Mantra is general are sounds, syllable, words or a group of words that are capable of performing transformations. When pronounced correctly radiate powerful sound energy. Most of these mantras have originated in Vedas and they have powerful and positive effect on the person who recites them and even on the surrounding environment.
Several of the mantras in Vedas are Japa Mantras (meant for meditation) and they consist of seed letters (बीज अक्ष्रर). These bija-mantra are simple in their layouts and seem to have a equally simple meaning; yet their sound radiate vibrant energy and have a subtle meaning. Aum namah shivaya is one of the finest examples.
The manatra has got two variants –
- The Five lettered mantra (पंचाक्षर मंत्र) consisting of letters Na (न), Ma (म), Shi (शि) , va (वा), ya (य) .
- The Six lettered mantra (षडाक्षर मंत्र) which is obtained by prefixing the seed letter Aum (ॐ) to the five lettered mantra.
Important to understand, is the fact that each of the letters of this mantra has got special meaning and vibration.
Vibration of Aum namah shivaya
Aum (ॐ)
Aum (ॐ) is the universal sound; it represents the supreme being – the param brahm – Shiva.Aum is a the most important of all bija-mantra and a complete mantra in itself. Yet is used as the begining of most of the Vedic mantras. Aum (ॐ) itself consist of three syllable A (अ) , U (उ) , M (म) and represents conscious, unconscious or dream, and subconscious or deep sleep states.Aum has got another explanations too. But then an entire explanation will require a dedicate volume of works.
Five lettered mantra (पंचाक्षर मंत्र)
The remaining 5 letters, represent the 5 primary elements which constitute the entire universe – Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Sky (Space).
- Na (न) is the sound of earth (पृथ्वी).
- Ma (म) effects water factor (जल).
- Shi (शि) energises the fire factor (अग्नि)
- Va (वा) energises the air factor ( वायु)
- Ya (य) energises the space (अंतरिक्ष)
Everything in the universe, including our body is made up of these five basic elements. The sound of each of these 5 letters effects the respective constituents thus causes a positive vibration with purifying effect. Thus the mantra purifies the whole body and the surrounding.
Namah Shivaya represents Transformation
Apart from the positive vibration that the mantra produces, it has got a subtle meaning and significance. Shiva has many aspects – embodied or the personified and a transcendental existence in as formless, attribute less non-being or the universal being.
- Na (न) represents the concealing aspect of the Lord Shiva. It is an aspect which is not evident and needs maturity of individuals.
- Ma (म) represents the material world and our binding with the material existance. It is in three forms – ego our of ignorance, the cause and reward of karma (work) and illusion (माया).
- Shi (शि) represents Shiva himself.
- Va (वा) represents the revealing aspect of Shiva; one that is achievable by concentration and maturity. It is the spiritual awakening.
- Ya (य) represents the soul. It signifies unification of individual soul to the universal soul. It unifies the chanter with Shiva.
So what is the overall significance? namah shivai is mantra that causes transition from the concealing (not knowing) and materialistic existence to knowing the Shiva, realising him through spiritual awakening and finally attaining him. Thus one who enchants the mantra is sure to achieve Shiva. Note Shiva is the centre and the pivot of the transformation.
Namah Shivai is Shiva
Yet another explanation defines the five lettered word as -
His feet are the letter Na.
His navel is the letter Ma.
His shoulders are the letter Shi.
His mouth, the letter Va.
His radiant cranial centre aloft is Ya.
Thus the five letter defines Shiva. Now how does this explanation go with the previous one. Well they are different ways to explain the same idea. We Start with Na (न) his feet and then subsequently rise to achieve the whole of him.
Namah Shivai negates Ego
One of the final and perhaps the most beautiful way to understand Namah shivai is this way -
Na (न) signifies not or negation. mah (म:) means mine. So Namah (नम:) means not mine.What is not mine? that belongs to Shiva (शिवाय).
Thus this maha-mantra, in its subtle meaning, emphasises negating our ego of possession and moving to the state of being possessed by the supreme being.
Does every thing fit together?
We have come across several meanings of Namah Shivai. Does it seem odd to have so many explanation to a seemingly simple phrase? Not really. Remember one foundation philosophy of Hindus as presented in Vedas and re-emphasised in Gita.
एकं सत्य, विप्राः बहुधा वदन्ति ||
There is only one truth; Wise poeple and sages explain it in different ways.
Lord Brahma, one of the members of the triad, praised the supreme being Shiva in this prayer.
नमस्ते भगवान रुद्र भास्करामित तेजसे|
नमो भवाय देवाय रसायाम्बुमयात्मने||
Greeting to thee, O Lord Rudra! Your splendour is like that of innumerable suns and you are manifested as the life sustaining water. O Lord Bhava, I pray to you.
शर्वाय क्षितिरूपाय नंदीसुरभये नमः|
ईशाय वसवे सुभ्यं नमः स्पर्शमयात्मने||
O Lord Sharva, Salutation to thee. Nandi and Surabhi (symbols of prosperity) are but your manifestations. O almighty, I pray to thee as the bearer of the Universe (as Earth) and its sustainers in form of air.
पशूनां पतये चैव पावकायातितेजसे|
भीमाय व्योम रूपाय शब्द मात्राय ते नमः||
Salutation, O Lord Bhima, you are the deity of all living being (pashu-pati) you all magnificent as fire and you are the sound of the universe and manifested as the endless sky. I pray to thee.
उग्रायोग्रास्वरूपाय यजमानात्मने नमः|
महाशिवाय सोमाय नमस्त्वमृत मूर्तये||
Greeting to thee, O great Shiva, you are the nectar of immortality, you are the source of unrestrained energies. O Shiva you are like the supporter of yagnas. I pray to thee.
The Dark Shiva
Often we compare light with truth, knowledge, pious and every thing that is positive and in the analysis we treat darkness as an icon of negative elements. But if it is so, why Shiva likes darkness? Why do we observe Maha-Shiva-Ratri (The Great Night of Shiva)?Maha-Shiva-Ratri, which is observed in one of the darkest nights is the most auspicious of All Shiva Meditations; why?
The reason is simple. Our basic assumption that darkness is an icon of devil or negative elements is not just wrong but also a grave mistake. As a matter of fact the light and darkness are complementary to each other much in the same way as Shiva and his creation – this universe. The Light is comparable to the universe and darkness is comparable to Shiva himself. Whatever the eye can see or the light can show – the land, the water, the river, the mountain, the life stock, the sun the moon, the starts, the planets etc. all are creations of Shiva; what we can not see is Shiva Himself.
Everything that has a origin or source, has got a fixed life and will have a definite end. Light has a source. The source burns itself to produce the light and finally ends. With it ends the light itself. It is of little or no importance as to what is the source of light? Weather it is as big as the Sun or as small as a lamp or what is the life of the source? What is important is, it has a life after which it will cease to exist. And even when the source exists an obstacle can cut off the source and thus the light itself. But the question is what if the source ceases to exist or is obstructed? What if there is no light? The answer is simple – Darkness.
Darkness is eternal – without any origin and without any end – darkness is omnipresent. The presence of light may give the allusion that the darkness is gone, but as soon as the source of light runs out of its life, we find darkness again, very much present and undaunted. Darkness is age less, indestructible and permanent – Darkness is like Shiva.
We often consider light as the source and icon of knowledge. It is natural since light empowers us to visualize and understand. But remember, we can learn only as much in the light as is the diameter of it. Science sees and believes things in the light of facts. As such what science can’t see, it doesn’t believe either. It believes something only when it is brought to light by facts. But this is a proven fact that by its own philosophy, science has repeatedly been embarrassed by its own success. Because every time a new discovery is made, it has either contradicted some of the past believes of Science or science itself had refused to believe it till that point of time. This is basically a demerit of the philosophy. In many a cases science publishes a new theory which contradicts some of the old accepted theory and which at some future date may be contradicted by some other theory. Is it not mirage? Remember, mirage is problem of vision, a problem of light. It may be difficult to see in the dark. But there is no mirage in the dark. Conclusion?
As long as we seek worldly and short term goals, light helps. But when we turn to seek a long term goal, something whose shape is not yet clear, light fails. What is the ultimate goal of human existence, is it not decidedly salvation? But what is salvation? It is end of desires. When there is not desire, there is no Objective. So is that without any desire, objective or expectation? It is darkness, the complete and the omnipresent darkness. At this stage we achieve Shiva. Even science will agree many of such miraculous discoveries are attributed to dreams, which lies in the reigns of darkness.
The universe is vast and magnificent. Our mighty earth, with all she contains is just a small portion of the Solar system. Hundreds of such earth can easily be accommodated in the huge Sun. Sun; with all its entire family of planets and moons is a small and insignificant member of the whole milky-way galaxy. Milky-way galaxy contains innumerable such and even bigger solar system. All these gigantic masses, the earth, the moons, the stars and the solar systems, whose complete knowledge are still a mystery for the science and human knowledge; are the creation of Shiva. But ever wondered what is that, that contains all these heavenly bodies? What is that ‘nothing’ which contains everything and where all these gigantic masses seem nothing but dots? The all surrounding darkness is Shiva. Shiva himself contains the Universe. He himself is the creator, root and the cause of this whole universe.
Where to Focus – Light or Darkness?
For a living being, there is no apparent option that goes without light, as the life depends on the Light. No wonder all the ancient civilization worshipped sun the best known source of light. The way a living being cant continue to live without work, it cant stay without the light. So we must focus of the light.
But does concentrating on Light obstructs our way to mediate for darkness? My point is simple – there is a more subtle and more vibrant meaning of this darkness which shouldn’t be ignored. Darkness is eternal, never ending. It doesn’t make sense to ignore it. And if we aim for the salvation it can be done only while we live. Once we die and become part of the eternal darkness we may not have chance to concentrate for it.
As I see it, concentrating on Light aspect takes us to re-birth; darkness to salvation.
In his popular aspect, Shiva is a member of Triad along with Brahma, the creator and Vishnu, the protector. As a member of triad Shiva takes the role of destructor, so that Brahma can regenerate. In this visible aspect Lord appears with three eyes, matted hair, with the garland of snakes and skulls. He wears tiger and dear skin and holds drums, horns and trishul (Three headed spear) in his hand.
But in his original form, Shiva is the param braham – the supreme creator and he himself is the triad. The supreme Shiva is Rudra (or hollow) and is formless. This supreme Shiva is represented by the Shiva Lingam and is pronounced by the universal word ॐ (Aum). The Shiva Lingam is full of mysteries and tales and myths, some of which are even baseless. Nevertheless, this is one of the most popular form in which the Lord is worshipped.
Shiva Lingam – Meaning and the myths
The Sanskrit word ‘Lingam’ means symbol. Thus the literal meaning of Shiva Lingam is the symbol of Shiva. The Supreme Shiva doesn’t have a form and every form is his form. The Shiva Lingam represents him, the Supreme Shiva¸ who is formless. The way when we see a smoke, we infer the presence of fire, the moment we see Shiva Lingam we immediately visualize the existence of the Supreme Shiva.
It has been a common myth that Shiva Lingam represents male genital organs. This is not only misleading but also base less. Such misinterpretations are done in later Vedic period and popularized much later, when Indian literatures actually came into hands of foreign scholars. It was difficult to interpret the language and a word may have different meaning depending on the context. Some of the easy interpretation may be misleading. And such misinterpretation may actually be welcome, if you want to find the defects in somebody else’s faith. This misunderstanding is can be one of the most glaring examples of such a situation. Misinterpretations of actual Sanskrit literature led to this false belief. Shiva Lingam is a differentiating mark; it is certainly not a sex mark.
The Lingam Purana states:
प्रधानं प्रकृतिर यदाहुर्लिगंउत्तम ।
गंध-वर्ण-रसहिंनं शब्द-स्पर्शादिवर्जितं ॥
meaning:
the foremost Lingam which is devoid of colour, taste, hearing, touch etc is spoken of as Prakriti or nature.
The nature itself is a Lingam (or symbol) of Shiva. When we see nature, we infer the presence of its creator – Shiva. Shiva Lingam is the mark of Shiva the creator, Shiva the sustainer and Shiva the destructor. It also dispels another myth in which Shiva is considered only as a destructor.
Another authentic reference comes from Skanda Purana where lingam is clearly indicated as the supreme Shiva from where the whole universe is created and where it finally submerge.
आकाशं लिंगमित्याहु: पृथ्वी तस्य पीठिका।
आलय: सर्व देवानां लयनार्लिंगमुच्यते ॥
(स्कन्द पुराण)
The endless sky (that great void which contains the entire universe) is the Linga, the Earth is its base. At the end of time the entire universe and all the Gods finally emerge in the Linga itself.
Now this should clarify the settle the doubts once and forever.
Forms of Shiva Lingam
Shiva Lingam is worshiped in two common forms – Chala (Moveable) Lingam and Achala (Non-Moveable or Fixed) Lingam.
Chala Lingam (Moveable Lingam)
The Chala Lingams may be kept in the shrine of one’s own home for worship or prepared temporarily with materials like sand, clay, dough or rice for worship and dispensed with after the worship. Another form of the Chala Lingams can also be worn on the body as a pendent in the necklace etc. Chala Lingams are often made of quartz, mercury or metals.
Achala Lingam (Fixed Lingam)
Achala Lingams (or fixed Lingams) are installed in temples and are un-moveable once they are installed. There are rigid rules for achala Lingams which must be followed. Achala Lingams must be offered prayers at fixed times and without failed and greater sanctity is maintained. Usually Lingams are made of black stones.
The Appearance and significance of Shiva Lingam
A Shiva Lingam is generally made up of black or white stones, marbles or metals or Quartz. A Shiva Lingam has three distinct parts which are considered as portions of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The Lower part represents Brahma, the middle Vishnu and the upper and the most prominent represents Shiva. Thus Shiva Lingam represents all the three powers in one- as theParam Braham or Supreme Shiva.
![clip_image001[4]](http://shivalaya.vnc.in/en/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/clip_image0014.gif "clip_image001[4]")
Another interpretation considers Shiva Lingam to be divided in two parts – Shiva and Shakti. Thus Shiva Lingam are symbols to represent the aspects of the Supreme Shiva. From one viewShiva is Shiva and Shakti; from another view point Shiva is Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh (Shiva himself).
![clip_image002[4]](http://shivalaya.vnc.in/en/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/clip_image0024.gif "clip_image002[4]")
Shiva Lingams made up of quartz have special significance. Such Lingams have no colour of its own but it takes the colour of any object that comes in its contact. The ling as such represents the attribute-less and formless supreme Shiva.
There is mysterious and indescribable power in Shiva Lingam to induce the concentration of mind. It is like the crystal glazing, mind easily attains one- pointedness by looking at the Shiva Lingam. This is the reason why ancient scholars and sages advocated the worship of Shiva Lingam and its installations in temples.
Listen to the message of Shiva Lingam and it will say:
“I am one without a second”.
Important Shiva Lingam across India
Shiva Lingam worship is one of the most popular forms of worship offered by Hindus. Every town, cities, villages, blocks will have at least on temple with Shiva Lingam. However, of all the Shiva Lingams, few carry special importance with them and have been referred in Vedas and Puranas. The important of them are:
- Jyotir Lingams: There are 12 Jyotir located in various parts of India. They are well documented in Puranas. They are:
| Somenath (Somnath, Gujarat) | Mallika-Arjun (Shrishailam, AP) | Kashi-Vishwanath (Varanashi, UP) |
| Aumkareshwar (Aumkareshwar, MP) | Mahakaleshwar (Ujjain, MP) | Trayambakeshwar (Near Nashik, Maharashtra) |
| Kedarnath (Himalaya) | Vaidyanath (Deogarh, Jharkhand) | Rameshwar (Tamil Nadu) |
| Ghrineshwar | Nageshwar | Bhimshankar |
- Panchbhut Lingams: The whole world consists of 5 basic elements – air, water, fire, earth and sky. The Panchbhut Lingam of Shiva represents these five elements. These Lingams are:
| 1. Kalahastisvar | 2. Jambukesvar | 3.Arujachalesvar |
| 4. Ekambaresvar | 5. Natraja |
Lord Shiva is the universal teacher, the ultimate creator and the great cosmic dancer. The world comes into being by his cosmic dance – Anand Tandav and goes back to him by his Raudra Tandav. This strottam is dedicated to the Natraaj aspect of Shiva.
सत सृष्टि तांडव रचयिता
नटराज राज नमो नमः|
O Lord Natraaj ! You create the universe by your cosmic dance. Salutation to thee.
हे आद्य गुरु शंकर पिता
नटराज राज नमो नमः|
O Lord Shankar, you are the ultimate teacher and the divine father. O Lord Natraaj, Salutation to thee.
गंभीर नाद मृदंगना धबके उरे ब्रह्मांडना
नित होत नाद प्रचंडना
नटराज राज नमो नमः|
(O Shiva!) The universe vibrates on the beat of your drums and the entire cosmic activities are controlled by the sound of it. Salutation to thee, O Lord Natraaj!
सिर ज्ञान गंगा चंद्र चिद ब्रह्म ज्योति ललाट मां
विष नाग माला कंठ मां
नटराज राज नमो नमः|
O Lord Natraaj! you bear the moon and the Ganga of knowledge on your head, your forehead radiates the divine light and the poisonous snake is your garland. I salute thee.
तवशक्ति वामे स्थिता हे चन्द्रिका अपराजिता |
चहु वेद गाएं संहिता
नटराज राज नमो नमः|
(O Shiva) You have taken the divine power (shakti) as you consort, you are indomitable. O Lord Natraaj! the four Vedas are full your praises. Salutation to thee.
One of the prominent aspects of Shiva is Shakti. Shakti is the feminine aspect of the divine – parambrahm. Hindu philosophy is probably the only religious doctrine in the world that realizes and emphasizes on the motherhood of the God. Devi sukta appears in the tenth mandal of the Rigveda. This of course often creates a debate on singularity and gender of the supreme power. Here we try to understand Shiva, Shakti and Prambrahm.
Shiva and Shakti
Shiva and Shakti are not two; they are just inseparable. They are complementary aspect of the same divine being. Understanding them as separate being like a man and woman doesn’t sufficiently explain the idea.
Shiva and Shakti are just like body and soul; identified as two and still are just one. Body is the doer of actions; it executes what the soul desires, it consumes and utilizes the energy. It’s all powerful in presence of the soul. Soul, on the other hand is inert. It Can’t do anything without the body or the energy of the body. Yet it is the soul that makes the body do whatever it wants. Soul without body will fail to do anything; body without soul has nothing to do. Shiva is the soul; its inert and dormant without the soul. Shakti is the body; its the doer of action. The body (Shakti) does what the soul (Shiva) wishes.. Shakti gives expression to the Shiva the way body gives expression to body.
Shiva and Shakti is together like an ocean. Shiva is the still water; shakti the wave. Without water there can be no wave. Without wave it will be just a still water . Together Shakti and Shiva is ocean.
Shiva is the transcendental supreme being; Shakti is the manisfested aspect. They are one. Thats it.
Adi Shankaracharya, has very clearly mentioned this aspect in the very first paragraph of Saundarya Laheri which goes like this:
शिवः शक्त्या युक्तो यदि भवति शक्तः प्रभवितुवं
न चेदेवं देवो न खलु सुशलः स्पन्दितुमपि।
अतस्त्वामाराध्यां हरिहरविरिचादिभिरपि
प्रणंतुं स्तोतुं वा कथमकृतपुण्यः प्रभवति ॥1॥
Lord Shiva, only becomes able. To do creation in this world along with Shakthi Without her, Even an inch he cannot move, And so how can, one who does not do good deeds, Or one who does not sing your praise, Become adequate to worship you Oh , goddess mine, Who is worshipped by the trinity.
It may be noted that when trinity hails a supreme being and worship – they essentially do it to Shiva and the Shakti as one and not as separate being.
Shiva and Kali
But then there is another subtle symbolism attached here. Look at Shiva he lying motionless, with eyes closed. He is absolutely calm as if in Samadhi. And Kali, the manifest of shakti is in terrible form. Shakti is vitalized; she creates and works. She keeps up the play (lila) of this universe.
And Shakti dances on the breast of Shiva. He is action less and changeless. He is absolutely untouched by the cosmic play going on his breast. His mere presence keeps up shakti running the world. He is the cosmic consciousness. He is in all names and forms and yet he is above all. He is without forms or attributes.
Shiva without Shakti
There are sufficient ancient literatures and teachers who have repeatedly emphasized the inseparable aspect of Shiva and Shakti. Shiva is Shakti and Shakti is Shiva. There are other mentions also which refers to just the Shiva aspect and there Shiva is mentioned without any attribute or affliations. One such reference is in Rudrastaka written by Tulsidas in Ramcharitramanas:
नमामी शमीशान निर्वाण रूपं, विभुं व्यापकं, ब्रह्म वेदस्वरूपम् ।
निजं, निर्गुणं, निर्विकल्पं, निरीहं, चिदाकाशं आकाशवासं भजेहं ।।
O Shiva, you who is omnipresent, without any form, or attribute, duality or comparison or affliation, and you are the Supreme Being as per Vedas. You are the moksha (the ultimate salvation) and you encompass the world (you said to be wearing the skys). I salute thee.
In a subsequent paragraph, He is mentioned as the vanquisher of the God of Death. As a doer and as powerful being he is essentially considered as whole and complete with Shakti
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